On some projects, especially ones of smaller scope, activity sequencing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, and（）are so tightly linkedthat they are viewed as a single process that can be performed by a person over a relatively short period of time. time estimating。 cost estimating。 project planning。 schedule development。
Project（）Management includes the processes required to ensure that theproj ect includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully. Integration。 Scope。 Configuration。 Requirement。
In the project management context（）includes characteristics of unification,consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion,successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations. integration。 scope。 process。 charter。
（）involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance.These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it,and can be within the same or in another application area. Metrics。 Measurement。 Benchmarking。 Baseline。
根据修订后的我国《海洋环境保护法》，以及加入的国际公约的要求，在总结防治船舶及其有关作业活动污染海洋环境的实践经验基础上，对原有的《中华人民共和国防止船舶污染海域管理条例》进行全面修改，制定新的《中华人民共和国防止船舶污染海洋管理条例》，已于（）起执行。 2010年1月1日。 2010年3月1日。 2012年1月1日。 2012年3月1日。
Organizations perform work to achieve a set of objectives. Generally, work can be categorized as either projects or operations, although the two sometimes are（）
